This article was posted 01/04/2006 and is most likely outdated.

Charles Dalziel
 

 
Topic - History
Subject - Charles Dalziel

January 4. 2006 

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Charles Dalziel

 

Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences: Berkeley

Professor Emeritus, 1904-1986

After receiving a B.S. degree from the then Electrical Engineering Department of the University of California, Berkeley, Charles Dalziel took a job with the General Electric Company, subsequently transferring to the San Diego Gas and Electric Company. He joined the Berkeley E.E. Department in 1932, and by 1935 had added the M.S. and E.E. degree from Berkeley. He retired as a full Professor Emeritus in 1967 but continued to be active with the department, consulting, and publishing technical papers until the late 1970s, when failing health forced him to slow down.

Professor Dalziel taught courses in power systems. He was respected by students not only for the course technical content, but also the liberal doses of practical advice on engineering practice and ethics which came with the course. He served as adviser to the Electrical Engineering Student Society, UCSEE, for years. His summer-session seminar on electric-power systems was famous with the students. It consisted of a series of visits by automobile to electrical power-generating plants distributed mostly up and down the Sierra, and it included informal lectures on electric power generation and distribution, plus even less formal campouts and fishing on the lakes formed by power dams.

Dalziel made a particular effort to welcome and assist new faculty members in the department. His particular research interest was in power systems, but a chance event diverted him to a new area. Faculty of the Davis campus enlisted Professor Dalziel's aid in developing an electric insect trap. Thus was started a lifelong interest in the effect of electric shock on living creatures, starting with barnyard flies and progressing to livestock, and ultimately to humans.

Even then, research on the effect of electric shock on humans was a very sensitive area. Dalziel, using unique methods of persuasion, extreme care and rigorous methods of testing, amassed a large amount of data from a wide range of tests on approximately 200 volunteers of both sexes and a range of ages. These data provided an excellent source of information on the physiological effects of electric shock, and Dalziel soon became a world authority on the subject.

In 1944, Dalziel took leave from the University to serve as the chief technical aid, division 13, National Defense Research Committee, Office of Scientific Research and Development. He served in this capacity until the committee was dissolved at the end of World War II.

As a result of the dissemination of his research papers on electric shock, his services became in constant demand as a lecturer, as a member of commissions, and as a reviewer of specific cases of death or injury from electrical shock. From the reviews he came to realize that the commonest cause of such deaths came from ordinary household circuits under the malfunction known as “ground-fault.” His research objective then became to create a device which would interrupt a ground-fault current before it became large enough to cause human physiological damage. The sensitivity, speed of action, reliability, small size, and small cost required made the device almost impossible to design.

However, in 1965 Dalziel received a patent for a “ground-fault current interrupter” that would interrupt current before it grew to five-thousandths of an ampere and that was small, reliable, and inexpensive. The device was based on a magnetic circuit plus a then newly developed semiconductor device.

Subsequently, the National Electric Code was modified to require that this device be installed in electric circuits in all bathrooms, kitchens, swimming pools, and outdoor electric circuits in all new construction and extensive modifications of older constructions.

Dalziel's contributions to electrical safety have been widely recognized. He has received commendation from the State of California, elevation to Fellow of the IEEE, the Power Life Award (the Power Engineering Society's highest award) and the IEEE-IGA outstanding achievement award for contributions to industrial safety and from the UC Engineering College the Distinguished Engineering Alumni Award. However, the ground-fault interrupters installed in electrical systems all over the world are probably the most permanent form of recognition of his services to society.

Dalziel married Helen Bradford in 1931. A daughter, Isabelle, resulted from this union. In 1963 Helen Dalziel succumbed to cancer. Charles married Alice Johl Lundberg in 1969. Dalziel was felled by a stroke in 1979, but his strong determination combined with skillful and loving care by his wife Alice resulted in his again being up and around for nearly seven more years before the end of his life.

D.J. Angelakos, A. M. Hopkin, J. R. Whinnery

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Comments
  • Excellent stuff!! I've spent a lot of time finding the data obtained by Charles Dalziel. Thanks it's really helpful for my investigation about effects of electric currents in the human body. Good Luck

    Nicolas Monroy Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá

    Nicolas Monroy
    Reply to this comment

  • Mike I am ashamed to say I do not spend enough time on your site, I love the news letters however, especially the articles about figures from the eletrical industries past.

    I loved the article tonight about Charles Dalziel and the development of the GFCI, it combines my passion for history together with my profession as a home inspection consultant and educator.

    Many thanks

    Gerry Beaumont NACHI educational consultant.

    Gerry Beaumont
    Reply to this comment

  • Very interesting stuff Mr. Holt!

    As Im not an electrician or engineer yet own a renewable energy company, I am always pleased to see your news letters; especially about 'ground fault'. (or any other safety related issues)

    Might I request/recommend a story about home based renewable power generation and safety concerns?

    In case you are not very familiar, wind mills have load-dumps for battery protection on off-grid systems while PV does not.. PV can be shorted to protect the batteries. At the same time, PV requires cathodic lightning protection.

    Juiced N.R.G.
    Reply to this comment

  • Mike, The article on Daliezl very interesting but could not locate the shock data at the link "these data" Would like to have that info. Thanks, Jim Shafer

    Jim Shafer
    Reply to this comment

  • Mike,

    You might want to do a search on this article for the word "Electric". You'll notice that you will find it between the words "National" and "Code". I've looked many times to find the "National Electric Code", but have never been able to find one -- just kidding I haven't looked since it doesn't exist.

    A number of years ago I remember some legal case where they referred to the National Electric Code (SIC), instead of the National Electrical Code®. It seems that the case was throw out, since the incorrect reference was made to the NEC®.

    It is a pet pieve of mine to point this out to individuals that publish the wrong wording for the NEC®. If quoting an article from another publication, where the word "Electric" has been misused for a reference to the NEC®, I will always point it out to the readers by putting the (SIC) tag to indicate it was copied from others.

    Thanks, Dwight Dupy, P.E.

    Dwight Dupy
    Reply to this comment

  • That's good stuff......

    Keep up the fantastic work!

    Greg
    Reply to this comment

  • Maybee if we have more scientists like Dr. Charles Dalziel, we can obtain more "shocking" information from non-cooperating suspects.

    Jon
    Reply to this comment


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